The most acute effects of the Tambora eruption were felt in 1816, famously dubbed the "Year Without a Summer." Abnormal cold weather, heavy rains, and late frosts were recorded across the Northern Hemisphere. North America In the United States and Canada, the summer of 1816 was marked by cold temperatures, snowfalls in June and July, and widespre
Introduction The years 1815 to 1817 mark one of the most significant and devastating climate crises in recorded history. This period, often referred to as the "Year Without a Summer," was characterized by extreme and anomalous weather events worldwide, leading to widespread crop failures, famine, and social unrest. The primary cause was the massiv
The Great Storm of 1703 was widely documented by contemporary observers. One of the most detailed accounts comes from Daniel Defoe, who later wrote the famous novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe’s The Storm (1704) is a pioneering work of journalism and one of the earliest detailed natural disaster reports, combining eyewitness testimony and official rec
Accompanying the ferocious winds was a powerful storm surge that caused severe coastal flooding, particularly along the southern and eastern coasts of England. Low-lying areas around the Thames Estuary were inundated, and many towns suffered from the combination of high tides and storm-driven seawater. Floodwaters entered homes and farms, destro